Born at Fitzroy, Victoria, Presbyterian. Enlisted 3 November 1915 age 24, customs clerk. Nok wife, Muriel Cumming c/- W.J. Hackford, Ocean Rd, Cottesloe. Embarked at Fremantle 6 June 1916 per A29 Suevic. Served in France 1916-17 hospitalised in England with trench feet and under-took some courses. RTA January 1919 for discharged on 30 April 1919. Service medals: 1914-1915 Star, BWM and VM.